With an allergy, the body's immune responses are distorted, which is why it produces antibodies to harmless substances from the external environment, including food. A diet for allergies helps to reduce the tension of immunity in the presence of a violation of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet been formed (in infants).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be eaten, and nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
The food is foreign to the organism in terms of DNA structure, but this usually does not cause reactions. Even with a sufficient amount of enzymes, some protein molecules do not undergo complete fermentation to amino acids and can be absorbed unchanged into the bloodstream, causing allergies. A diet for allergies consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains and fruits that grow in the area of humans, they do not have a bright red color and do not contain many proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they are obtained.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thatyou cannot eat this food:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by a cross-allergy to legumes. They are usually caused by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished products, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause true and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoking, many carcinogenic substances are created.
Mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, it contains chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
Legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of vegetable proteins, which serve as allergens.
Milk.In addition to casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in young animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
Eggs.They contain albumin proteins and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird's embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of M-antigen protein resistant to heat treatment was found in them.
Cross allergy(vegetables and fruits). If the patient is allergic to pollen, then reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have pollen of a similar structure or belong to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). When reacting to pollen, it is easier to determine which foods should be eliminated.
Meat.It contains a lot of protein, but usually due to denaturation during preparation, the ability to sensitize is greatly reduced.
cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminosis have manifestations similar to allergies. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body, and the dependence of the severity of the worsening of the patient's condition on the amount of food eaten. Such reactions occur on fruits and vegetables that are bright red, sometimes orange (tomatoes, pomegranates, citrus fruits, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicdiet requires the elimination of first-line allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk with its derivatives - milk powder and cheeses), andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; cranberries; fatty meats with rich broths from them; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Lean meat;
food subject to partial fermentation during cooking;
products specific to the place of residence;
white and green vegetables;
offal;
cereals.
Grocery list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, as well as oatmeal and pearl barley.
Sour milk low-fat products without additives, homemade are better: fresh cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Buckwheat, rice or corn bread.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabagas, squash, zucchini, turnips.
Broccoli, lettuce, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, gooseberries.
Apple and pear compote (also dried), rosehip soup, weakly brewed tea.
Still mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of medical tables. List of products and menus areaccording to nutrition tables number 5 and number 9.
In children
An anti-allergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that potentiate the reaction and the preparation of a diet that spares the digestive organs (in children, gastrointestinal dysfunction often occurs due to too heavy food, due to the immaturity of the liver and a smaller amount of enzymes than in adults). It is necessary to use hypoallergenic products with low fat content with sufficient consumption of carbohydrates. For thismatching medical table number 5, with the exception of food immunity irritants.
Table number 5
It is also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gall bladder diseases.
Nutrients:
Proteins - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable proteins 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2. 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bakery products:dried, made from bran flour and 1st grade flour, yesterday's bread, premium, lean cookies.
Impossible: fresh pastry, muffin.Soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with hard-boiled cereals (semolina, oatmeal, rice). For the topping - butter, sour cream, flour.
Impossible: meat, fish, bean and mushroom soups.Meat.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; boiled skinless and alive. Meat is cooked, steamed in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
Impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked products and sausage products, fried meat and cooked in pieces, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).A fish.Varieties with little fat, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of cutlets and whole pieces.
Impossible: fried, battered, fatty varieties; salted, stewed, preserved; caviar.Milk products.Low-fat dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented baked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
Impossible: fatty fresh cheese, sour cream, cream; processed and hard cheese; whole and dry milk.Eggs. 0. 5-1 piece / day; steamed and boiled.
Impossible: more than 1 egg per day, other dishes.Cereals.On water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice souffle, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin, broccoli, squash, zucchini, boiled or steamed squash, cucumbers.
It is impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned food, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruits, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricot, white cherry and currant, pears in raw, pureed, cooked form; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruits, exotic fruits, bright red fruits, creams, chocolate, ice cream.Dips.On vegetable soup, broth of cereals, with a small amount of low-fat sour cream; with unbaked flour.
Impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, on meat, fish, mushroom broths; fatty and spicy toppings.A drink.Green weak tea without additives; Compote of pears, apples and gooseberries; from dried fruit; decoction of rose hips.
Impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (including lemon); compote of bright red berries; citrus drinks; carbonated drinks.Fats.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person must sit on an anti-allergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, after cancellation, the child develops a rash on the skin and manifestations of the recurrence of the allergy, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, therefore it is prescribed mainly for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Proteins: 85-90 g / day (50-60% - of animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - complex only; 300-350 g/day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l/day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended dishes and products:
flour:bran, bran protein bread, made from 2nd grade flour; wheat protein. Unsweetened cookies and pastries (at the expense of bread).
Impossible: muffins, puff pastry, products with premium flour.soups:vegetables; borscht and cabbage soup on low broth; beet; weak soups of simple meat and fish; vegetable okroshka / with meat; soups with meatballs (without fat).
Impossible: rich, fatty broths; Mushroom soups; with beans.meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (fillet / herbs); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). In stewed, boiled, steamed form; you can cut the cooked meat into pieces after lightly frying.
Impossible: smoked meat, sausages, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.fish:lean varieties steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil. Canned food in tomatoes (restriction).
Impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of sea fish; sea food; semi-finished products, pickles and canned food in oil; caviar.milk products:low-fat milk (1. 5-2. 5%), or diluted with water for cereals; fermented dairy products with low fat content (fresh cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2. 5%); moderate - sour cream 15%. Unsalted varieties of low-fat cheese (cheese, feta, ricotta).
It is impossible: cream; sweet curd; hard and salty cheeses.eggs:no more than 1. 5 pcs/day; boiled (soft boiled, hard boiled); steamed protein omelets; reduce egg yolk consumption.
cereals:moderate (according to the carbohydrate norm): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), eggplant, cucumbers, tomatoes and beets (limited), carrots, broccoli, zucchini, pumpkin, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, zucchini, pumpkin. Stewed, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
Impossible: pickles, canning.snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable caviar (zucchini), fresh salads, soaked herring, fish aspic, meat, dietary cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
Impossible: smoked meat, fatty snacks, sausages, fat, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned food.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruit and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masa, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitute.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jam, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low-fat vegetable, weak meat and fish soups; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with a lot of spices.drinks:tea without additives, vegetable and fruit juices (unsweetened), rosehip broth.
Not allowed: sugary drinks, carbonated drinks, grape juice and other sweet fruit/berry juices.fats:lean, olive and unsalted butter.
Impossible: meat and fat for cooking (fried, fat, etc. ).
In nursing mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for nursing mothers avoids food reactions in the newborn and reduces gas formation in the baby. StrictlyDietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, because:
Nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in infants);
the digestive system adapts: previously the child received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; the motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones are triggered, the active production of bile and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric juices;
enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes cramps and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). Protection of the body is provided by immunoglobulins from mother's milk.
When preparing the diet of nursing mothers, it is important that there are enough calories. Daily energy consumption due to lactation increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the growing adaptive abilities of the child's organism, the diet for hepatitis B should be as strict as possible in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with the gradual relaxation of dietary restrictions and the introduction of a small amount of new products.
1-2 weeks
Completely off (what is impossibleto eateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
oily and marine fish;
fruits;
white cabbage;
milk;
eggs;
muffins and pastries made from premium flour;
honey;
nuts.
Available in limited quantities:
Class 1 flour crackers, bran flour;
lean types of fish;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
green baked apples;
potato;
sugar;
tea.
The basis of nutrition is (sparinghypoallergenicfood):
Low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak soups from lean meat;
vegetables and their broths: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, courgettes, courgettes; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oatmeal; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: fresh cheese 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented baked milk, dietary cheeses (ricotta, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including lactation teas: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
desserts: crackers made of 1st grade flour or bran; dried bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece / day), biscuits (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1, 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, as in the first 14 days, with the exception of:
Milk.For making cereal, use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of the nursing mother.
eggs.In cooked form, no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the baby - bring to 1 piece / day, limit protein.
Gradually introduce into the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apples (starting from 1/4 apple per day in baked form), banana (from 1/4 per day); increasing the amount of potatoes in the diet; beets (cooked with 1 tablespoon grated); tomatoes (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 package for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in baked/boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (parts with a low fat content - herbs, pastry, etc. ). Increase in liver intake, gradual introduction of chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
Nutrition is always adapted to the child. If the baby has a rash when a new product is included, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous system of the intestine has not yet formed, so you cannot eat foods that promote the formation of gas and are difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, fat;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main adaptation phase is over. Now, in a woman's diet, you can gradually include all foods, except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meat;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus fruits and strawberries.
Other products are introduced gradually, observing the baby's reaction (appearance of colic, rash). It is recommended to include soups with legumes in the diet from 4-5 months of a child's life, starting with 1/4 portion at a time.
In one day, 1 new product for monitoring the condition of the baby is introduced. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be eaten after the baby gets used to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, children are introduced to complementary foods, so you must not adhere to dietary restrictions (except for the listed hyperallergens).
Complementary food starts with cereals (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first portion. Porridges are cooked in mother's milk and water, without adding fat or spices. For the first feeding, it is allowed to give homemade fermented milk drinks made from low-fat (2. 5%) milk: kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child is given only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They start introducing complementary food at lunch time (12. 00), they breastfeed the baby. In a week, the child should adapt to the portion of food that replaces complementary food. After that, the previously introduced product is given in the morning (8. 00-9. 00), and new products are introduced for lunch.